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# Lenox Laser, Inc.: The Leader in Small Hole Technology

## Sitemaps
[XML Sitemap](https://lenoxlaser.com/sitemap_index.xml): Includes all crawlable and indexable pages.

## Posts
- [Illuminating the Future: How Virtual Slow-Motion Cameras Can Transform Laser Technology ](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/illuminating-the-future-how-virtual-slow-motion-cameras-can-transform-laser-technology/): At Lenox Laser, we pride ourselves on being at the forefront of small-hole technology, pushing the boundaries of what's possible with lasers. Recently, a revolutionary development in imaging technology has captured our attention: a virtual slow-motion camera capable of visualizing the movement of photons-light particles-through space. This cutting-edge innovation holds the potential to transform laser technology, opening new avenues for precision and performance in our industry. 
- [Unlocking Precision with Lenox Laser’s Orifice Calculator ](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/unlocking-precision-with-lenox-lasers-orifice-calculator/):  https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/orifice-calculator/  
- [High-Temperature Materials For Laser Applications  ](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/high-temperature-materials-for-laser-applications-2/): In 1997, Gilbert R. Smith, P.E., Senior Consultant at Lenox Laser, authored an insightful article on high temperature materials for laser applications, published in Holography Market Place. The article meticulously details the crucial parameters for selecting appropriate materials for use as aperture substrates in high-power laser systems. Smith emphasizes the importance of melting temperature, thermal conductivity, and surface reflectivity in ensuring the durability and efficiency of the aperture discs. He highlights those materials with higher melting points, such as graphite (3727°C) and diamond (3550°C), are less likely to deform or vaporize under intense laser heat. Additionally, high thermal conductivity materials like silver and copper are essential for efficient heat dissipation, preventing damage to the aperture. Reflectivity is another critical factor, with materials like silver (99%) and gold (98%) reflecting most of the laser energy, minimizing heat absorption and thermal stress. 
- [Innovative Gases Explained](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/innovative-gases-explained/): At Lenox Laser, we are at the forefront of innovative solutions for the semiconductor industry's gas handling needs. Our groundbreaking work addresses the critical challenge of achieving precise control over process gases like hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, argon, and oxygen, which are essential in wafer production. 
- [Lenox Laser Flow Products](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/lenox-laser-flow-products/): Lenox Laser flow products are top-tier quality with impeccable standards for performance and are built to last.  Our flow calibration system allows us to drill the diameter of the hole as small as a micron in diameter without compromising accuracy in the slightest. All our products come with this option available to our customers. Flow calibration is extremely important because when dealing with materials that are very thick just like the orifice or trying to drill, it can make diameter drawing accuracy almost impossible. We also make sure that our equipment is in line with the National Institute of Safety and Technology standards. The flow method differs from optical measurement because it doesn't rely on aspect ratio as the gases are passed through under pressure. 
- [CCIT Explained](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/ccit-explained/): CCIT has been a massive part of our success. We engineered top-rate standards for quality to give the best service we can.   CCIT evaluates the integrity of container closure systems to maintain a sterile barrier against potential contaminants. Contaminants that could cross a container closure barrier include microorganisms and reactive gases. It is an integral part of the pharmaceutical industry. Lenox Laser drills precision calibrated leaks to be used for CCIT. We can laser drill holes in all types of packaging containers. 
- [Choosing the Right Aperture for High-Power Lasers ](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/choosing-the-right-aperture-for-high-power-lasers/):  
- [Navigating the Challenges of Laser Drilling: Insights from Lenox Laser](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/navigating-the-challenges-of-laser-drilling-insights-from-lenox-laser/): Laser drilling is integral to manufacturing high-value components in industries like aerospace, where precision and quality are paramount. At Lenox Laser, we recognize the technical challenges involved and leverage our expertise to deliver exceptional components for our customers. Key parameters in laser drilling include pulse duration, energy, width, and frequency, all of which directly impact hole quality. Short pulse durations and high pulse energies enhance material removal rates and minimize recast layers, leading to superior hole quality. The laser's wavelength and beam divergence also play crucial roles by affecting material reflectivity and energy absorption.
- [Pinholes and Apertures](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/pinholes-and-apertures/): For many decades, pictures have captured many moments in history and our lives seemingly freezing a moment in time forever. Unlike traditional cameras, pinhole photography does not use a lens of any kind. There are two main factors because of that, one is that every subject in an image is always in focus because of an infinite depth of field. Second, when it comes to developing some it can take up to 10 minutes.
Pinhole photography was first made popular in the 1800s during the impressionist era when people discovered they could use pinholes to create more lifelike images. It was also discovered in early studies that the properties of light are endless and can go anywhere and reflect in many different directions. With pinhole cameras the longer the exposure in the image, the more blurred the final product will be. It is also very popularly printed on curved photo paper to give the impression of a more panoramic view. A pinhole camera can be created by using any light-tight container such as no mail can and punching a small hole where you would like the viewfinder to be. Anyone can make their own liquid solution for developing pinhole photos at home. Just blend together 500 mL of water, dried mint, two vitamin C tablets in 5 mL of lemon juice. Just be sure to develop the photos in complete darkness, but you can also use a red light to help see.
Lenox Laser also offers state-of-the-art apertures designed to meticulous standards and with the greatest level of precision. These apertures can be used for high energy transfer and assembly of powerful laser systems and give easier control and fluidity in handling the focus of the laser beam and its power output. We also made sure that, given the ease of use, no special adapters of any kind are needed, but could be used if necessary. Lenox Laser proudly sells the apertures to meet any specifications that our customers may need. An example of what we sell in regard to apertures can be found here: https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/optical-apertures/high-power-apertures/goldcopper-aperture/
- [Precision in Optical Calibration with Cutting-Edge Technology ](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/precision-in-optical-calibration-with-cutting-edge-technology/): At Lenox Laser we strive to be at the forefront of optical calibration, we use advanced technology, including Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEMs), laser microscopes, and profilometers, to achieve nanometer-range resolution. Our expertise enables us to handle large volume batches efficiently, ensuring each orifice and slit meets the highest precision standards.
- [Unlocking Precision and Possibilities with Laser Drilling](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/unlocking-precision-and-possibilities-with-laser-drilling/): In the world of advanced manufacturing and technology, there's a remarkable process that has been making waves – laser drilling. This micro drilling with lasers has proven itself to be a game-changer, enabling the creation of microscopic holes in a variety of materials, including ceramics, polymers, metals, and even silicon chips. But what sets laser drilling apart, and how does it revolutionize industries ranging from space exploration to semiconductor manufacturing? Let's delve into the incredible world of laser drilling and its far-reaching impact.
- [Lenox Laser to Unveil Precision Innovations at 2023 Mid-Atlantic Design-2-Part Show](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/lenox-laser-to-unveil-precision-innovations-at-2023-mid-atlantic-design-2-part-show/): OAKS, PA • NOVEMBER 8 & 9 - Lenox Laser, a trailblazer in precision innovation, is eagerly preparing to showcase its cutting-edge solutions at the 2023 Mid-Atlantic Design-2-Part Show. This dynamic two-day regional trade show, organized by The Job Shop Company Inc., serves as a convergence point for contract manufacturers, job shops, and industry leaders spanning diverse sectors.
- [CCIT](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/ccit/): Lenox Laser is committed to ensuring the integrity of container closure systems in pharmaceutical and critical packaging. As part of this commitment, we adhere to the latest Container and Closure System Integrity Testing (CCIT) guidelines.These guidelines, established by the FDA, recommend methods other than sterility testing to confirm container and closure system integrity. They apply to sterile biological products, human and animal drugs, and medical devices. Here are the key points:
- [Humanity’s First Interstellar Space Flight is Powered by Lasers](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/humanitys-first-interstellar-space-flight-is-powered-by-lasers/): Space provides us with endless opportunities to explore the vastness beyond our atmosphere. However, escaping the gravitational pull of Earth has proven difficult. Scientists may have come up with a solution to this problem by asking: instead of flying into space, what if we could sail there? Researchers working for the company Breakthrough Initiatives are developing a method of space travel utilizing modified solar sails to capture laser light to provide propulsion. The project, dubbed Breakthrough Starshot, is testing this method by sending a probe weighing about 1 gram to Proxima Centauri b in approximately 20 years. By contrast, traditional chemical rockets would take thousands of years to travel the same distance. To achieve this, the probe will be propelled to 20% the speed of light by a 100GW, 1km square array of lasers. The sail attached to the probe captures this laser energy and is pushed by the force it generates, like a traditional sailing ship using the wind. 
- [Recent Study Verifies Vacuum Decay Method for Detecting Packaging Leaks](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/recent-study-verifies-vacuum-decay-method-for-detecting-packaging-leaks/): Lenox Laser was recently involved in a study dedicated to testing the viability of an ASTM standard Vacuum Decay method of detecting leaks as put forth in their Abstract:
- [AI Powered Typing Assistant could Improve how We Use Keyboards](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/ai-powered-typing-assistant-could-improve-how-we-use-keyboards/): For most of us typing is second nature, we don’t have to think about where to place our hands, or when and where to move our fingers along the keyboard. A team at Waterloo School of Computer Science is looking to improve upon this process with a program called Typealike. The prototype program utilizes a webcam that monitors the user’s hands as they type and adjusts elements on-screen accordingly. This allows users to set up unique gestures to perform tasks that aren’t strictly available on the keyboard itself, similar to the gestures built in on most laptop trackpads. The goal is to make things as easy and streamlined for users as possible, to improve efficiency and reduce strain.
- [SpaceX Starship Update](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/spacex-starship-update/): SpaceX constantly astounds the world, and their most recent feat is no exception. The company’s rocket, Starship, is continuing its journey towards its maiden launch. Starship will be used as a reusable mass transportation vessel for staffed and unmanned missions to space as part of Space X’s massive rideshare program that would allow astronauts and scientists from other companies to hitch a ride into space for their respective missions. The Starship rocket is the tallest ever built in the world thus far at a staggering height of 165 feet. Starship’s booster rocket, nicknamed Super Heavy, is 229 feet tall and weighs over 3 million pounds. Several trips to Mars have also become of interest when Starship is fully functional. It is also said that should civilians be able to explore Mars one day, that the rocket could carry up to 100 people per trip.  
- [Do Our Brains Keep Us in the Past?](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/do-our-brains-keep-us-in-the-past/): We don’t often think about our ability to perceive depth and color when observing the world; for us it is second nature. We also don’t realize just how much information our brain filters out to provide a stable field of view. The amount of information that our eyes take in on a day-to-day basis would overload the brain. To combat this, during periods of low movement, the brain takes segments of time and averages out the information provided by our eyes, compensating for the natural shakiness of the human body. This gives us a smooth view of the world that would otherwise overwhelm or cause vertigo. Thanks to a new study conducted by professors at Berkeley and Aberdeen Universities, we now have better insight into how our brains accomplish this. 
- [Unusual Radio Frequency Pattern has Astronomers Stumped](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/unusual-radio-frequency-pattern-has-astronomers-stumped/): Scientists working at Curtin University recently stumbled across a baffling phenomenon in their data that has their team of radio astronomers scratching their heads. An honors student named Tyrone O’Doherty discovered the source while using the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) telescope in Western Australia. The mystery object gave off intense light in approximately 20-minute intervals, which had previously been unheard of for a ‘transient’, the field’s term for objects that pulse on and off. Most transients either flicker much slower, in the range of days to months, or extremely rapidly, in seconds or even milliseconds. The object also emitted frequencies at a much greater intensity than expected, possibly outshining even the immense power of a supermassive black hole. Lead astrophysicist Dr Natasha Hurley-Walker poured over 8 years of data recorded by the MWA and found 70 more instances of the phenomenon over a 3-month period in 2018 after which the object stopped picking up, adding to the confusion. Scientists were able to determine the object is approximately 4000 lightyears away from us, based on the transmission frequencies present in the pulses. They also concluded the pulses were polarized, meaning they likely came from a source of strong magnetism, and the shape of the pulses indicated the object that produced them was much smaller than our sun.
- [Scientists Discover Breakthrough in the Moon Magnetism Mystery](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/scientists-discover-breakthrough-in-the-moon-magnetism-mystery/): A new study researching one of the moon’s biggest mysteries may have been solved; how did the moon form a temporary magnetic field? A team of experts at Stanford and Brown Universities are now seeking answers with rock samples taken from the surface and their formations. According to early evidence, it was theorized that the field came from the liquid mantle of the moon during its first billion years of existence, when several rocks sank into it. The magnetic fields would be strong, but sporadic. It is unable to exist now because the moon’s frigid temperatures. To help find further proof of this theory, rocks from all the past Apollo missions from 1968 to 1972 were studied thoroughly. The rocks had signs of the magnetic field, but it does not explain how it could exist when it’s not even as strong as Earth’s.
- [Looking Back to the Beginning of Our Universe](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/looking-back-to-the-beginning-of-our-universe/): The Big Bang theory states that the universe we know today emerged from extremely hot temperatures that began approximately 13 billion years ago. However, there is one important question still trying to be answered today. How was The Big Bang randomly started from nothing? Nobel laureate John C. Mather took on the Big Bang in his own way when he visited us for Lenox Laser’s second annual light seminar back in October of 2011, celebrating our 30th anniversary. The speech was titled “History of the Universe in a Nutshell: The Big Bang to Life and the End of Time.” Mather was also one of the brilliant minds that help design the James Webb telescope that just launched on Christmas 2021. Mather’s genius led him to help create a telescope that would examine galaxies and stars. Measuring things like their heat wavelength from the oldest of galaxies to the newest. He set out to find proof of predictions of the beginning and end of the universe and life itself. He stated that astronomers discovered many years ago the galaxies were made of stars and galaxies are moving away from us at insanely high speed. Mather mentioned scientists wanting to get to stars quicker but have no ways of accomplishing this, even to this day. He also discussed Einstein’s theories of the universe and how most scientists' theories were thought of as fantastical nonsense. 
- [Advancements in Microscope Calibration could Provide a Better Look at Viruses](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/advancements-in-microscope-calibration-could-provide-a-better-look-at-viruses/): Microscopes reveal many things in the world of science, such as organisms and cells, giving us an up close and personal look at tiny lifeforms. Using new techniques, the accuracy of microscopes could be enhanced to view the cell makeup of a sneeze by studying the volume of micro droplets. This is done by methodically tinkering with the calibration of optical microscopes. Most importantly this new venture could give insight into how airborne viruses evolve and spread so rapidly. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is spearheading the research, with measurements of volume being tested on samples that are 1e-11mL, around the volume of a red blood cell. With these optical microscopes, scientists can see the various dimensions and positions of droplets, within a potential tolerance of less than 1%. The method utilized to accomplish this is known as gravimetry which relates to the measurement of weight, giving them the ability to weigh droplets and see how much could fit into specially designed containers. Some of the test tools used were calibrated plastic spears to simulate the boundaries of an image once captured.
- [James Webb Telescope Launch is Successful](https://lenoxlaser.com/events/james-webb-telescope-launch-is-successful/): The James Webb space telescope successfully launched into the vastness of space Christmas day this year. This journey was long in the making, beginning back in 1996 when the telescope was first conceived by NASA. The shuttle transporting Webb took off at 12:20am UTC in French Ghana and the telescope is now on its way to becoming the successor to the Hubble. The initial live stream on YouTube ran for 2 hours and 17 minutes, allowing people around the globe to watch the journey unfold in real time. Webb will travel 100 million miles into orbit, taking approximately 29 days to reach its intended target, but will not be officially declared fully operational until approximately 180 days after the launch. Multiple attempts to launch have happened in the last few years, but with equipment delays, storms, and the ongoing pandemic, it was postponed several times. But all that waiting has finally paid off and the telescope is now on its way into orbit. The next step, which will take over six months, will be gradually unfolding the telescope’s massive mirrors, which are each the size of several football fields. Following that is aligning the mirrors and cooling them to an immensely cold -380°F.
- [Medical Innovation with Synthetic Hydrogel](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/medical-innovation-with-synthetic-hydrogel/): A group of scientists, engineers, and physicists at McGill University hope to improve therecovery period from various surgeries with the use of a synthetic hydrogel biomaterial. The hydrogelcan theoretically repair muscles including heart tissue and vocal cords. The challenge was to makebiomaterial strong enough to be protective, while being able to withstand the body’s everydaymovements. The gel would work by creating a protective barrier around the surgical area, allowinghealthy cells to replicate within the organ as they typically would. If this biomaterial becomes fullyapproved, it will be the first of its kind to exist.
- [Flexible Telescope Lenses Could Enhance Scientists’ Ability to Survey the Stars](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/flexible-telescope-lenses-could-enhance-scientists-ability-to-survey-the-stars/): Long before civilizations developed, humanity has been fascinated by the stars, and the technological advancements developed over time have given us tools to learn more about the universe beyond our atmosphere. Arguably the most recognizable piece of equipment humans created is the telescope, but as we continue to evolve in our search for knowledge so must the tools we use. Recent advancements have prompted researchers in Taiwan to develop lightweight, flexible lenses that would allow telescopes to view distant exoplanets that orbit outside of our solar system. These new lenses aim to enhance the clarity of captured images by utilizing holographic film, allowing for fine control of the lens focus. The film combined with a flexible body would also allow scientists to convert the captured light into a spectrum for wavelength analysis. 
- [Comfortable Biosensor Fabric could be the Future of Wearable Diagnostics](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/comfortable-biosensor-fabric-could-be-the-future-of-wearable-diagnostics/): When someone pictures biosensors, they usually name the obvious ones, heart monitors, fitness equipment, blood glucose sensors. However, as technology has evolved so has the use of biosensors. A team at the University of Utah’s College of engineering has created a wearable biosensor fabric that can be built into clothing. While innovations like this have been created in the past, they are expensive to produce, an obstacle this study hopes to overcome.  
- [Curiosity Rover Discovers Organic Molecules on Mars](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/curiosity-rover-discovers-organic-molecules-on-mars/): The Mars Perseverance Rover has made great progress in exploring the mysterious red planet since its launch on July 30, 2020. The full audio recordings Perseverance collected while traversing the Martian surface, as well as the rustling of the planet’s solar winds had scientists and astronomy enthusiasts excited. The mission’s goal began last year by drilling for Martian rock samples in the Jezero crater. Analysis of data provided by Perseverance indicates that Mars may have had ancient flash floods in the area. The clarity of the images showing massive lake and river formations have scientists undoubtedly excited. The evidence gives insight into how Mars was formed, the planet’s hydrology, its layers and composition, among others. By the time studies from future launches in 2030 are complete, researchers hope to have collected approximately 30 samples for analysis. 
- [Research into Boron Nanosheets leads to an Electrifying Discovery](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/research-into-boron-nanosheets-leads-to-an-electrifying-discovery/): Amorphous boron is a nonmetallic element that is often used in rockets as a fuel source and for certain pyrotechnic flares that produce a green tinted flame. It is rarely found in pure form with compounds such as boric acid, sodium borate aka. borax, and boric oxide. Common uses for boron over the years have been things like tile glazes, several brands of eyedrops and antiseptics, and washing powders and detergents. Boron also has the highest melting point of any metalloid, at a toasty 3771°F (2077°C). Interestingly, Turkey and the United States contain the largest deposits of borax and the compound is considered a nutrition element for plants. 
- [Spectrometer Analysis of Exoplanets Revolutionizes Extraterrestrial Study](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/spectrometer-analysis-of-exoplanets-revolutionizes-extraterrestrial-study/): NASA has explored planets a variety of ways in the past, from rockets to astronauts to satellites and probes.  Now, they have a new tool to aid in their passion for discovery, an instrument called NEID, a massive spectrometer that will do deep dive studies of exoplanets in and around our solar system. Exoplanets are planets that orbit around other existing stars, and over the summer, the new instrument brought back data from our sun. The spectrometer’s main purpose is to locate, categorize, and define new planets and their locations within the solar system, and it does so by detecting small shifts in light from nearby stars. Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona is currently where NEID resides. Pointing at the sky, the spectrometer will bring back data that shows the mass, size, and environmental makeup of these exoplanets, giving scientists a better overall understanding of their habitability and even potential evidence of lifewithin them. Presently exoplanets are found by detecting light fluctuations within surrounding stars. The spectrometer will provide scientists more exact analysis of these planets as they are discovered, which until now had only been hypothesized. 
- [Research into New Forms of Energy Storage Have Proven Successful](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/research-into-new-forms-of-energy-storage-have-proven-successful/): Recently a new thermal energy source has been under research in hopes of creating a new battery able to operate under extreme temperature conditions. Scientists have been experimenting with metal hydrides, a high-energy material, to form the basis of the battery. Metal hydrides are a material class that contain metal that are able to be bonded with hydrogen. They are classified by their chemical bond i.e., ionic, metallic or covalent. The energy is then combined with pressurized water, and the energy storage cycle was able to be reversed at certain conditions. The battery itself uses a heat transfer liquid system and disperses the energy accordingly.  
- [New Advancements in Brain Mapping Efforts](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/new-advancements-in-brain-mapping-efforts/): Understanding the inner workings of the human brain eluded scientists for many years, how and why it functions the way that it does. The movements and reactions in our day-to-day life may seem minuscule, but it is the key to unlocking answers in a new study being conducted in part by UC Berkeley. The recent study was conducted over five years, and its findings were accumulated into 17 different studies covering the mapping of brain cells and their pathways. To achieve this, scientists studied neurological signals from the central cortex of the brain to help them understand things like muscle movement, reaction time and vital motor function. Getting proper mapping was of the utmost importance so the cells were grouped by things like gene type, size, particle structure and gene marker. This study was done with hopes that therapies could be developed to assist with things like disabilities, brain disorders, and other illnesses. This presented a challenge because they had to find ways to merge the data in the clusters as it was found quickly as data was discovered. 
- [SpaceX Hopeful for the Future of Consumer Spaceflight after Inspiration4 Mission Concluded Successfully](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/spacex-hopeful-for-the-future-of-consumer-spaceflight-after-inspiration4-mission-concluded-successfully/): The recent Inspiration4 mission by SpaceX, the first ever space flight with a private citizen crew, was a complete success. The crew consisted of four people who participated in astronaut training, never having been in space before. The crew members were in great spirits when they returned last week on Saturday, September 25. The idea of the mission began as a charter flight fundraiser benefiting St. Jude’s Children’s Hospital and raised over 200 million dollars. One of the crewmembers, Haley Arceneaux was a patient at St. Jude and is a cancer survivor. The mission lasted three days; intending to provide everyday civilians a chance to experience real spaceflight by floating within Earth’s orbit, giving them views from space that previously only seasoned astronauts could witness. The splashdown happened around 7:07 PM on September 25, with the flight capsule being retrieved from the Atlantic Ocean with medical personnel another other aid standing by to attend to the crewmembers and make sure that they acclimate to the rapid environmental changes upon return. All involved in the mission are thrilled at how the it turned out. 
- [Visit us at PACK Expo 2021 in Las Vegas](https://lenoxlaser.com/events/visit-us-at-pack-expo-2021-in-las-vegas/): The annual PACK expo is making a triumphant return to Las Vegas live and in person September 27th to the 29th at the Las Vegas Convention Center and Lenox Laser could not be more excited to attend this event. There are so many amazing highlights this year including a dedicated packaging robot which is the first of its kind by Schubert Group, industry first early 1900s liquid filling machines, and the innovative gluing machine that was sold to Abbott Labs in 1937. A variety of manufacturers will be on hand from all areas of the packaging industry. From Coca-Cola, to pharmaceutical, to candy companies, they will all be there showing those in attendance the latest and greatest innovations in packaging and product innovation. Learn about maximizing profits to get the best out of the product and audience that they sell to. In person workshops and live demonstrations will be happening to give a first-hand account of what goes on behind the scenes to give consumers the products they hold tried-and-true in their everyday lives. While there, you can learn about cost-effective digital printing solutions for any packaging business.  
- [Researchers Discover Unexpected Interaction Between Electrons in New Metal](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/researchers-discover-unexpected-interaction-between-electrons-in-new-metal/): Scientific discoveries continually improve and shape the foundations of our daily lives.  This has again proven true with the discovery of a new metal that allows electrons to flow like liquid filtered through a pipe. Atoms typically move in metal by loose electrons also known as free electrons that group together to form negative charges near the positive charges. In a new study, done by experimental physicists at Boston College, the goal was to find out how electrons can move like liquid inside of a new superconductor called Ditetrelide (NbGe2). It was found that interactions with phonons, small “particles” of heat or vibrational energy, can cause drastic shifts. The new metal is a combination of Germanium and Niobium. It was also noted that with this liquid metal combination, the laws of hydrodynamics could still be obeyed. By interacting with these phonons, the electron-phonon liquid can be created. 
- [Ingenuity Performing Far Beyond Expectations](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/ingenuity-performing-far-beyond-expectations/): NASA’s Mars Ingenuity helicopter has been giving us some of the most breathtaking views of the planet. Two flights were successfully completed recently, flight number 12 on August 15 and number 13 this past Labor Day weekend. Fight 12 astounded scientists because of how far the simple prototype had come. The helicopter only weighs 1.8 kg and was initially designed to show what a simple vehicle could achieve exploring the planet. The original plan for the flight was to go to South Séítah, flying at a 10m altitude and traveling about 235m to get side-by-side detailed images of surface terrain clear enough to make a full 3-D image. During this time over 10 images would be captured, and then given to the Perseverance rover to determine further areas of the planet for study. Ingenuity has dealt with Mars’s harsh winds, dusty, rocky surfaces, craters, and volcanic activity.  The helicopter had been through an extremely rough flight from Earth when it was launched back in April of this year for its first trip. The goal of each flight is to learn as much as we can about Mars. With the atmosphere being only 1% of the density of Earth’s, ingenuity is navigating the planet with a high degree of difficulty, making exploration a bigger obstacle. 
- [Recent Advancements in Semiconductor Manufacturing](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/recent-advancements-in-semiconductor-manufacturing/): Semiconductors have been a part of the manufacturing world for many decades now. They continue to evolve by the day with varying capabilities. The idea of cultivating electric components for semiconductors has caught the imagination of a team at the University of South Wales. With assistance from Cambridge University, they hope to make components smaller and faster and avoid oxidation or other damaging effects. These can be built by manufacturing an ultra-small and wafer-thin metal gate within the semiconducting crystal. The electric flow needs to be in close quarters with the switch to turn the transistor on and off at any time, this also needs to be done while maintaining a steady frequency response.  
- [A Look into the Development of Brain Computer Interfaces](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/a-look-into-the-development-of-brain-computer-interfaces/): The human brain is a tool, full of mystery, and evolving every day. Imagine for a moment that there was a way to completely unlock and understand the mind in ways that science never imagined possible. This is the goal a team of neuroscientists at Brown University, University of California at San Diego, and Qualcomm is hoping to achieve. The hope is that research into brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) with advanced sensors will one day assist in eliminating or slowing the progress of brain and spinal cord injuries. BCIs are implanted computers with thousands of neural pathway sensors that detect and interpret brain signals and may eventually be given the capacity to produce stimuli where the brain is lacking. The systems being developed at Brown University, which are currently being tested on mice, have proven to surpass currently available technology. The sensors would be packed into a small wearable skin patch about the size of a fingerprint and readings would be sent to a computer or portable device. The goal of the study is to achieve as many signals as possible from living brain tissue. 
- [Perseverance Faces Setback Following Initial Collection Attempt](https://lenoxlaser.com/events/perseverance-faces-setback-following-initial-collection-attempt/): In an unfortunate turn of events, the Mars Perseverance rover has hit a snag while attempting to collect its first sample of Martian rock for analysis. Data sent to Earth indicated that the sample collection tube was empty after the collection process concluded. The team at NASA responsible for overseeing the mission are currently investigating the issue to determine the best course of action moving forward with future sample collection. They plan to utilize the WATSON (Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering) camera located on the rover’s arm to collect initial data about the bore site in the hopes of drawing conclusions as to why the sample was not collected. The team remains optimistic that they will find a solution and be able to move forward with the mission. 
- [Collecting a Sample from Mars – NASA Perseverance Rover](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/collecting-a-sample-from-mars-nasa-perseverance-rover/): Mars has always been an endless treasure trove of mysteries, but thanks to the ongoing efforts of the Perseverance rover and the team behind it, we may soon have answers to some of the questions surrounding our red, rocky sister planet. Perseverance launched earlier this year on February 18th and has since been documenting the Martian surface with the powerful camera integrated into its system. Alongside high-resolution photography, the rover recorded 16 minutes of audio which captured the sound of winds blowing across the landscape. However, the team behind Perseverance plans to up the ante, looking to collect a physical rock sample to examine. The first sample will be taken from a section of the Jezero Crater called the “Cratered Floor Fractured Rough.” This task is scheduled to take 11 days due to the delay in communication between mission control and the rover itself. It is one of four samples to be collected over the next year of exploration, which will be stored within the rover’s body until missions can be sent to retrieve them for examination. During this time, Perseverance will perform rudimentary tests on the samples to provide preliminary data. The rover was fitted with several instruments that allow it to collect a range of data points. Key among these is SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals), PIXL (Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry), and the WATSON (Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering) camera, which will provide mineral and chemical analysis of the sample rock. Using this data, scientists may be able to piece together more about the history of Mars and the viability of future exploration missions. Until now, procuring an extraterrestrial sample for examination was a monumental advancement only achieved by Niel Armstrong and the Apollo 11 crew when they collected moon rock from the Sea of Tranquility basin.
- [Join Lenox Laser at 2021 PACK EXPO](https://lenoxlaser.com/events/join-lenox-laser-at-2021-pack-expo/): The 2021 PACK EXPO will be one of the first major in-person healthcare product events since the COVID-19 lockdown last year. The expo will encompass many different companies and experts in the healthcare field discussing various packaging and processing methods. It is estimated that over 20,000 experts will be in attendance when the event takes place this September 27-29 at the Las Vegas Convention Center. PACK is expected to have an estimated 1,500 exhibitors showing off their products. Topics covered will include cost-effective digital printing solutions in pharmaceuticals, recyclable, and bio-based packaging. The expo will also have an exhibit that will take visitors through the evolution of processing and packaging in the pharmaceutical industry and more. The expo sponsors and hosts include the Reusable Packaging Association, the National Confectioners Association, and many more.
- [A Look into Our CCIT Capabilities](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/a-look-into-our-ccit-capabilities/): As the pioneer in laser drilling, Lenox Laser takes pride in the various services that we provide to our customers. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of Container Closure Integrity Testing (CCIT) has become abundantly clear. Confidence in pharmaceutical packaging is vital to prevent widespread damage caused by the failure of critical seals. Lenox Laser assists in this process by producing standards that calibrate leak-detection systems in order to assure the quality and safety of the packaging.
- [SpaceX First Starship Launch](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/spacex-first-starship-launch/): SpaceX has had quite a rich history and has come a long way since its maiden launch of the Falcon 1 rocket on September 28, 2008. Falcon 1 became the first privately funded liquid-fueled rocket to successfully reach orbit. In the following year, they became the first privately funded company to launch a satellite in orbit. Little did they know at the time, this would lead to something massive like the Starlink program. This program aims to launch a network of satellites designed to provide fast Internet speeds to areas without access. The Starlink program could also be used for military and government applications as well as other telecommunications.
- [Lenox Laser’s Free Orifice Calculator](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/lenox-lasers-free-orifice-calculator/): For 40 years now, Lenox Laser has been a pioneering force leading the industry of laser hole drilling and critical flow orifice fieldwork. As the industry is constantly evolving, we are continually learning new methods to streamline the ease of use of our products and services. We offer many solutions to custom applications, all produced with a critical laser drilling process. Our laser-drilled calibrations will deliver immaculate accuracy and consistency of flow rates every single time — we guarantee it. All of this is done with the utmost care and immense cost efficiency to deliver the best product to our customers. 
- [NASA Announces Two Missions to Venus](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/nasa-announces-two-missions-to-venus/): NASA has announced to future missions that will hopefully shed more light on the mystery planet that is Venus. Venus has characteristics almost identical to Earth. However, currently, scientists know so little about the planet itself. When comparing Venus to Earth, both worlds have complex weather systems, size, atmospheric composition, and density. Both planets are near the sun, with Venus being thirty percent closer to it than Earth. Scientist also refer to Venus as Earth's sister planet because of its volcanic activity, plateaus, and water availability. In order to help with lack of knowledge about the fiery planet, NASA has planned two missions codenamed DAVINCI+ and VERITAS to study the planet further. The mission's primary goal is to design a detailed 3-D model of Venus to better understand the planet's environmental makeup, features, activity atmosphere, and more.
- [Dr. Charles H. Townes Speech – Revisited](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/dr-charles-h-townes-speech-revisited/): The human mind has given us some of the most outstanding achievements throughout history. As our thirst for knowledge and understanding continues to grow, new ideas are born. One of those great minds was Charles Hard Townes, the inventor of the maser, the precursor to the laser. Dr. Townes wasn’t just an inventor but also a patriot serving his country in war and a brilliant university professor. During World War II, he worked under Bell Labs as a radar technician in the hope that his expertise would turn the tables on the enemy. This effort would give birth to the shortest wavelength radar by seeing the effects of light on it. Upon returning from the Navy, he would lead a research team at Columbia University, where he and his team would study molecules.
- [SpaceX and the Inspiration4](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/spacex-and-the-inspiration4/):                SpaceX has done extraordinary things over the years, making a name for itself with several missions to study the universe. This September, they plan to make history again with a first-of-its-kind mission entirely made up of civilians. The four-person crew will be entering low Earth orbit for a 3-day duration. The targeted date for no later than September 15. The crew members chosen are geoscientist Dr. Sian Proctor who completed four previous NASA missions, former Air Force member Chris Sembroski who served as a space camp counselor working with Lockheed Martin and earned a degree in aeronautics from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Another member is 29-year-old Hayley Arceneaux, a bone cancer survivor and former patient of St. Jude's Children's Hospital. Hayley has a physician's assistant degree and will also be the youngest person ever to travel to space. Hayley was chosen by St. Jude's themselves to go on this civilian-only mission. The man behind this idea and the last member is Jared Isaacman, the billionaire CEO of Shift4 Payments. He will also serve as commander. Jared will give all money from this endeavor to St. Jude's Children's Hospital.
- [Potential for Microbial Life on Mars](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/potential-for-microbial-life-on-mars/): When the Mars Perseverance rover landed on the planet in February, it astonished the world with detailed photos of the planet and audio of the surface. After discovering water and ice on Mars, the next endeavor starting the search for evidence of possible life and life-supporting properties on the planet. A new study conducted by the Astrobiology Journal concluded that there is indeed the right amount of ingredients to support microbial life. The study looked at the planet’s Martian meteorites and their chemical makeup. Observing the chemical reaction whenever these meteorites had continuous constant contact with water once the meteorites fell back to Earth.
- [2012 Psychophysics Study Using Optical Slits](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/2012-psychophysics-study-using-optical-slits/):                Over the years, science has given us many ways of studying and exploring vast possibilities. One of those miraculous ways is psychophysics, which is defined as the part of psychology the deals with mental phenomena and physical stimulation. Psychophysics works by studying the specifics of physical stimulation and sensation and looking at the responses produced. In psychophysics, three models of study are most used: the method of constant stimuli, the method of limits, and the method of adjustment. The limits method determines the sensory threshold by increasing or decreasing stimulus level gradually. The method of adjustment is, as it sounds, studying the patient's adjustment to stimulus levels. These are just some examples of what psychophysics can do. Young's double-slit formula is another physics example using light that studies and displays light particles' characteristics and defines light waves.
- [The Moxie Box – NASA’s Oxygen Box](https://lenoxlaser.com/blog/the-moxie-box-nasas-oxygen-box/):                About a month and a half ago, NASA's Perseverance rover made landfall on Mars, bringing audio and video skimming across the planet's surface. NASA sent the rover to Mars on a mission that ended in February this year to search for signs of life on the planet by collecting many different rock samples and broken rock and soil mixture called regolith. Mars is not the safest environment for human exploration. Its harsh atmosphere is a mix of molecular oxygen, carbon monoxide, dioxide argon, and molecular nitrogen.
- [NASA and SpaceX International Space Station Agreement](https://lenoxlaser.com/events/nasa-and-spacex-international-space-station-agreement/): The International Space Station (ISS) has a storied history. It took over 30 missions and thousands of person-hours to complete. It was clear that The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) would need a space station to study the vastness of space in minute detail in the space age. The ISS began its construction in 1998 when the first segment launching in a Russian proton rocket on November 20 of that year. NASA engineers completed the massive station's main parts in 2011, and the station has been occupied by astronauts and scientists since 2000. The ISS now enters its Golden age with a new agreement between SpaceX and NASA. 

## Pages
- [No Access](https://lenoxlaser.com/no-access/)
- [Copy of Orifice Calculator ©](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/orifice-calculator-copy/): Orifice Calculator
- [CCIT 2026 ALT](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/ccit-2026-copy/): Harnessing cutting-edge flow calibration methodologies and revolutionary laser drilling technology, we engineer precise, microscopic imperfections across diverse packaging materials.  These meticulously calibrated micro leaks serve as the gold standard for CCIT calibration systems, guaranteeing unparalleled accuracy in operation.
- [Home Page 2026](https://lenoxlaser.com/): The Leader in
- [Quality Assurance 2026](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/quality-assurance-2026/): Quality Assurance
- [Accreditations 2026](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/accreditations-2026/): Accreditations
- [Material Guidance 2026](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/material-guidance-2026/): Material Guidance
- [Laser Drilling 2026](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/laser-drilling-2026/): Laser Drilling
- [Optical Calibration 2026](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/optical-calibration-2026/): Optical Calibration
- [Capabilities 2026](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities-2026/): Capabilities
- [Flow Calibration 2026](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/flow-calibration-2026/): Flow Calibration
- [CCIT 2026](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/ccit-2026/): Container Closure Integrity Testing
- [Knowledge Hub 2026](https://lenoxlaser.com/knowledge-hub-2026/): Knowledge Hub
- [Leadership 2026](https://lenoxlaser.com/lenox-laser-leadership-2026/): Discover the Lenox Laser Difference
- [History 2026](https://lenoxlaser.com/our-history-2026/): Meet Our Founder
- [Laser Drilling 2025](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/laser-drilling-copy/): Unleash the Power of Precision.
- [Optical Calibration 2025](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/optical-calibration-copy/): At the forefront of optical calibration, we employ state-of-the-art technology, including Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEMs), laser microscopes, and profilometers capable of nanometer-range resolution. Our expertise allows us to handle large volume batches with ease, ensuring each orifice and slit we produce meets the highest standards of precision.
- [Flow Calibration 2025](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/flow-calibration-copy/): Flow Calibration offers a reliable solution for precise measurements, essential for quality control and product development.
- [CCIT 2025](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/ccit-2025/): Ensuring the effectiveness, safety, and sterility of medications is crucial. At Lenox, our primary focus is on the precision of calibration, particularly in Container Closure Integrity Testing (CCIT), to rigorously evaluate medical packaging and uphold the highest quality standards. This ensures the contents are continuously protected against contamination and degradation. Our commitment extends beyond mere testing; it embodies a dedication to Integrity, Safety, Innovation, and Precision-pillars that drive us to maintain the utmost standards in patient care and medication delivery through unparalleled calibration accuracy.
- [History-2025](https://lenoxlaser.com/our-history-2025/): Joe & Peggy d'Entremont
- [Home Page 2025](https://lenoxlaser.com/lenox-laser-home-2025/): Ensuring safety and superior quality in pharmaceutical packaging through precise micro-drilling.
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- [3212 Paper Mill Road](https://lenoxlaser.com/3212-paper-mill-road/)
- [Flow Products](https://lenoxlaser.com/flow-products/): Flow Restrictive Orifices
- [Tubing](https://lenoxlaser.com/tubing/): Tubing
- [Screws](https://lenoxlaser.com/screws/): Screws
- [Nipples](https://lenoxlaser.com/nipples/): Nipples
- [Barbs](https://lenoxlaser.com/barbs/): Barbs
- [Conflats](https://lenoxlaser.com/conflats/): Conflats
- [Glands](https://lenoxlaser.com/glands/): VCR® Glands
- [Gaskets](https://lenoxlaser.com/gaskets/): VCR® Gaskets
- [Orifice Disc](https://lenoxlaser.com/orifice-disc/): Orifice Discs
- [Optical Products](https://lenoxlaser.com/optical-products/): Optical Products
- [Mounts](https://lenoxlaser.com/mounts/): Mounts
- [Arrays/Components](https://lenoxlaser.com/arrays-components/): Arrays/Components
- [High Power Slits](https://lenoxlaser.com/high-power-slits/): High Power Slits
- [Standard Slits](https://lenoxlaser.com/standard-slits/): Standard Slits
- [High Power Apertures](https://lenoxlaser.com/high-power-apertures/): High Power Apertures
- [Contact](https://lenoxlaser.com/contact/): Contact Us
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- [Standard Apertures](https://lenoxlaser.com/standard-apertures/): Standard Apertures
- [Knowledge Hub](https://lenoxlaser.com/knowledge-hub/): Discover the latest in laser drilling technology and applications with us. Our mission is to advance the industry through innovation and research. Explore our News for recent updates and our Publications for insights into our contributions to laser drilling. Here, we share our impact and knowledge with you.
- [Accreditations](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/accreditations/): The Lenox's Metrology Laboratory specializes in precision flow calibrations and is recognized for its adherence to high-quality standards and technical excellence, with accreditation under ISO/IEC 17025:2017. This accreditation confirms our laboratory's capabilities in providing precise calibration services for flow rates and leak detection under a variety of conditions and standards.
- [Leadership](https://lenoxlaser.com/lenox-laser-leadership/): Discover the Lenox Laser
- [Laser Drilling](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/laser-drilling/): Unleash the Power of Precision.
- [CCIT](https://lenoxlaser.com/capabilities/ccit/): Ensuring the effectiveness, safety, and sterility of medications is crucial. At Lenox, our primary focus is on the precision of calibration, particularly in Container Closure Integrity Testing (CCIT), to rigorously evaluate medical packaging and uphold the highest quality standards. This ensures the contents are continuously protected against contamination and degradation. Our commitment extends beyond mere testing; it embodies a dedication to Integrity, Safety, Innovation, and Precision-pillars that drive us to maintain the utmost standards in patient care and medication delivery through unparalleled calibration accuracy.
- [Terms and Conditions](https://lenoxlaser.com/terms-and-conditions/): Terms & Conditions
- [Communication preferences](https://lenoxlaser.com/communication-preferences/)

## Products
- [BR-MLC-CAL](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/ccit-products/br-mlc/): This fitting is a certified individually measured leak control.
- [SS 2 Sided Conflat (2.75″)](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/conflats/ss-2-sided-conflat-2-75%e2%80%b3/): Conflats may be used for critical flow orifices, gas/liquid separators, gas mixing, flow restriction, pressure reduction and many other purposes. Optically measured holes are not guaranteed to meet a specified flow rate. Specifications Diameter 69.1mm (2.72") Thickness 12.7mm (0.5") Centering ±0.250mm (±0.00984") Orifice Diameter 3 - 1000µ (0.000118" - 0.0394") Material Stainless Steel (SS-303)
- [SS 1 Sided Conflat (2.75″)](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/conflats/ss-1-sided-conflat-2-75/): Conflats may be used for critical flow orifices, gas/liquid separators, gas mixing, flow restriction, pressure reduction and many other purposes. Optically measured holes are not guaranteed to meet a specified flow rate. Specifications Diameter 69.1mm (2.72") Thickness 12.7mm (0.5") Centering ±0.250mm (±0.00984") Orifice Diameter 3 - 1000µ (0.000118" - 0.0394") Material Stainless Steel (SS-303)
- [SS Set Screw 10-32](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/screws/ss-set-screw-10-32/): Set Screw orifices may be used for "Quick Changing" critical flow orifices, gas/liquid separators, gas mixing, flow restriction, pressure reduction and many other purposes.
- [1″ Leak Control Disc](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/ccit-products/css-1x0-005disc/): Specifications Diameter 25.37 mm +0.025 / -0.050 mm (0.999" +0.000984"/-0.00197") Thickness 0.127mm (0.005") Centering ±0.250mm (±0.00984") Material Stainless Steel (SS-304)   Tolerance Diameter Tolerance on Diameter +/- 2 µm - 5 µm +/- 1 µm 10 µm - 25 µm +/- 2 µm 50 µm + +/- 10%
- [3/4″ Leak Control Disc](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/ccit-products/css-3-4x0-005disc/): Specifications Diameter 19.02 mm +0.025 / -0.050 mm (0.749" +0.000984"/-0.00197") Thickness 0.127mm (0.005") Centering ±0.250mm (±0.00984") Material Stainless Steel (SS-304)   Tolerance Diameter Tolerance on Diameter +/- 2 µm - 5 µm +/- 1 µm 10 µm - 25 µm +/- 2 µm 50 µm + +/- 10%
- [1/2″ Leak Control Disc](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/ccit-products/css-1-2x0-005disc/): Specifications Diameter 12.67 mm +0.025 / -0.050 mm (0.499" +0.000984"/-0.00197") Thickness 0.127mm (0.005") Centering ±0.250mm (±0.00984") Material Stainless Steel (SS-304)   Tolerance Diameter Tolerance on Diameter +/- 2 µm - 5 µm +/- 1 µm 10 µm - 25 µm +/- 2 µm 50 µm + +/- 10%
- [Calibration Cert](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/uncategorized/calibration-cert/)
- [Flow Calibration Cert](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/uncategorized/flow-cert/)
- [3/8″ Leak Control Disc](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/ccit-products/css-3-8x0-005disc/): Specifications Diameter 9.5 mm +0.025 / -0.050 mm (0.374" +0.000984"/-0.00197") Thickness 0.127mm (0.005") Centering ±0.250mm (±0.00984") Material Stainless Steel (SS-304)   Tolerance Diameter Tolerance on Diameter +/- 2 µm - 5 µm +/- 1 µm 10 µm - 25 µm +/- 2 µm 50 µm + +/- 10%
- [Needle Leak Control](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/ccit-products/needle-leak-control/):    
- [Gold/Copper Aperture](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/optical-apertures/high-power-apertures/goldcopper-aperture/): Gold/Copper Apertures are used in high energy and power applications and are intended to be used in the optical transfer assembly of a system using a powerful laser as a source. A practical example is the aperture within a spatial filter assembly.
- [Inert (Teflon) Aperture](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/optical-apertures/standard-apertures/inert-teflon-aperture/): Inert apertures can be used in applications that require non-contamination, and high standards involving environmental, water, oil, chemical, medical, and food processing. Perfect for filtration of strong acids and aggressive solutions, venting, phase separations, aerosol samplings, and can withstand high temperatures.
- [Infrared Aperture](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/optical-apertures/standard-apertures/infrared-aperture/): Lenox Laser's Infrared Apertures can be used for a variety of precision IR applications, including:
- [Blackened Aperture](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/optical-apertures/standard-apertures/blackened-aperture/): These blackened precision apertures may be used for optical applications, requiring low backscatter (stray reflected photons) for the input or output surfaces of the disc.
- [Glass Aperture](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/optical-apertures/standard-apertures/glass-aperture/): Our glass apertures are now also available in the #1 coverslip material Thermanox (Please Request a Quotation for Thermanox). Glass apertures may be used in situations that may require transparency, non-conductance, or non-isolation. Applications may include phase-sifting, microscopy, MEMS and anodic bonding. These apertures have diverse applications in the telecom, medical, pharmaceutical, and optical industries.
- [Molybdenum Spatial Filter Arrays](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/optical-apertures/arrayscomponents/molybdenum-spatial-filter-arrays/): These array apertures are used for spatial filters for tuning special frequencies.
- [Stainless Steel Spatial Filter Arrays](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/optical-apertures/arrayscomponents/stainless-steel-spatial-filter-arrays/): These array apertures are used for spatial filters for tuning spacial frequencies.
- [Pinhole Mirrors](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/optical-apertures/standard-apertures/pinhole-mirrors/): Pinhole mirrors in a solid aluminum substrate offer unique light-handling characteristics. With a flatness of 1-2 waves, these mirrors are ideal for lasers, interferometry, high-power telescopes, imaging, and other applications where a through-hole may be useful or required for selective light transmission and reflection.
- [High Energy Aperture (Square)](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/optical-apertures/high-power-apertures/high-energy-aperture-square/): The HEA makes possible the Spatial filtering of a high energy beam with energy densities comparable and even higher than the material damage threshold at the focal spot. This unique capability is achieved by applying a combination of light reflecting heat dissipating elements optimized for different lasers and focusing techniques.
- [1/2″ Stainless Steel VCR® Gasket, Silver-Plated with Gasket Retainer](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-18/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/2″ Nickel VCR® Gasket, Silver-Plated with Gasket Retainer](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-14/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/2″ Stainless Steel VCR® Gasket, Unplated, Nonretained](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-20/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/2″ Stainless Steel VCR® Gasket, Unplated with Gasket Retainer](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-19/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/2″ Stainless Steel VCR® Gasket, Silver-Plated, Nonretained](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-17/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/2″ Nickel VCR® Gasket, Unplated, Nonretained](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-16/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/2″ Nickel VCR® Gasket, Unplated with Gasket Retainer](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-15/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/2″ Nickel VCR® Gasket, Silver-Plated, Nonretained](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-13/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/4″ Stainless Steel VCR® Gasket, Non-Plated, Nonretained](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-12/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/4″ Stainless Steel VCR® Gasket, Unplated with Gasket Retainer](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-11/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/4″ Stainless Steel VCR® Gasket, Silver-Plated with Gasket Retainer](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-10/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/4″ Stainless Steel VCR® Gasket, Silver-Plated, Nonretained](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-9/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/4″ Nickel VCR® Gasket, Unplated, Nonretained](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-8/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/4″ Nickel VCR® Gasket, Unplated with Gasket Retainer](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-7/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/4″ Nickel VCR® Gasket, Silver-Plated with Gasket Retainer](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-6/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/4″ Nickel VCR® Gasket, Silver-Plated, Nonretained](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-5/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/8″ Stainless Steel VCR® Gasket, Unplated, Nonretained](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-4/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/8″ Stainless Steel VCR® Gasket, Silver-Plated, Nonretained](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-3/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/8″ Nickel VCR® Gasket, Unplated, Nonretained](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket-2/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [1/8″ Nickel VCR® Gasket, Silver-Plated, Nonretained](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/gaskets/vcr-gasket/): Laser drilled flow restrictive gaskets can be used in critical flow, pressure reduction, particle separation, injection mixing, vacuum and micro-decay. These economical units have a pre-fit design, allowing quick changes to suit the needs of your application.
- [SS 1/8″ High Pressure Tubing](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/tubing/ss-18-high-pressure-tubing/): Standard 1/8" SS-316 tubing are closed at one end, and have a laser drilled hole diameter.
- [SS 1/4″ High Pressure Tubing](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/tubing/ss-14-high-pressure-tubing/): Standard 1/4" SS-316 tubing are closed at one end, and have a laser drilled hole diameter.
- [Calibrated SS 1/16″ Tubing](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/tubing/calibrated-ss-116-tubing/): Standard 1/16" SS-316 tubing are closed at one end, and have a laser drilled hole diameter which is precisely flow calibrated to the sizes and tolerances shown or to within your specific flow rates.
- [SS 3/8″ Tubing](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/tubing/ss-38-tubing/): Standard 3/8" SS-316 tubing are closed at one end, and have a laser drilled hole diameter. 
- [SS 1/8″ Tubing](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/tubing/ss-18-tubing/): Standard 1/8" SS-316 tubing are closed at one end, and have a laser drilled hole diameter which is precisely flow calibrated to the sizes and tolerances shown or to within your specific flow rates.
- [SS 1/4″ Tubing](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/tubing/ss-14-tubing/): Standard 1/4" SS-316 tubing are closed at one end, and have a laser drilled hole diameter which is precisely flow calibrated to the sizes and tolerances shown or to within your specific flow rates.
- [SS 1/2″ Tubing](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/tubing/ss-12-tubing/): Standard 1/2" SS-316 tubing are closed at one end, and have a laser drilled hole diameter.
- [1/4″ High Temp. Tubing](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/tubing/14-high-temp-tubing/): Standard 1/4" Monel tubing are closed at one (flat) end, and have a laser drilled hole in your choice of diameter.
- [SS Set Screw](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/screws/ss-set-screw/): Set Screw orifices may be used for "Quick Changing" critical flow orifices, gas/liquid separators, gas mixing, flow restriction, pressure reduction and many other purposes.
- [SS Hex Screw](https://lenoxlaser.com/shop/flow-orifices/screws/ss-hex-screw/): Hex Screw orifices may be used for "Quick Changing" critical flow orifices, gas/liquid separators, gas mixing, flow restriction, pressure reduction and many other purposes.

## Templates
- [Gradient Separator](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/gradient-separator/)
- [CCIT TABS](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/ccit-tabs/)
- [Capabilities- Laser Drilling](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/capabilities-laser-drilling/): Precision Laser Drilling Solutions
- [Capabilities- Optical Calibration](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/capabilities-optical-calibration/):   Optical Calibration
- [Capabilities- Flow Calibration](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/capabilities-flow-calibration/): Flow Calibration Solutions
- [Capabilities- Micro-leaks](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/capabilities-micro-leaks/): Calibrated Micro-Leaks
- [Why choose Lenox for flow](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/why-choose-lenox-for-flow/): Why Choose Lenox for Flow Calibration Services?
- [CCIT Folder “Accurate Calibration”](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/ccit-folder-accurate-calibration/): Accurate Calibration
- [CCIT Folder “Medication Greenlight”](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/ccit-folder-medication-greenlight/): Your Medication's Greenlight
- [CCIT Folder “Ensuring Integrity”](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/ccit-folder-ensuring-integrity/): Ensuring Medication Integrity
- [CCIT Folder “Why”](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/ccit-folder-why/): Why is CCIT so important?
- [Optical Products Banner](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/optical-products-banner/)
- [Request for Quotation Banner](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/request-for-quotation-banner/)
- [Flow Calibration Header](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/flow-calibration-header/)
- [Leadership Header](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/leadership-header/)
- [SPIE 2026 Pop Up](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/spie-2026-pop-up/)
- [SPIE Pop Up](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/spie-pop-up/)
- [Home 9/13](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/home-9-13/)
- [Optical Parts](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/optical-parts/)
- [Calibration Helps](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/calibration-helps-3/)
- [Calibration Helps](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/calibration-helps-2/)
- [Calibration Helps](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/calibration-helps/): Trusted Accuracy
- [Traceability Importance](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/traceability-importance/): Why is Traceability Important?
- [Flow Calibration Importance](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/flow-calibration-importance/): Why is Flow Calibration Important?
- [Hope Page Descriptor](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/hope-page-descriptor/)
- [Needle Leak Pop Up](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/needle-leak-pop-up/): Click Here to Order
- [Top Banner Template](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/top-banner-template/)
- [Chart: Quality of Drilled Holes](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/chart-quality-of-drilled-holes/)
- [Materials Chart 2](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/materials-chart-2/)
- [Materials Chart 1](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/materials-chart-1-2/)
- [Materials Table 2](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/materials-table-2/)
- [Materials Chart 1](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/materials-chart-1/)
- [RMA](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/rma/)
- [RfQ](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/rfq/)
- [Quality Assurance](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/quality-assurance/)
- [Material Guidance](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/material-guidance-2/)
- [Laser Drilling](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/laser-drillingf/)
- [Flow Calibration](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/flow-calibration/)
- [CCIT Calibration](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/ccit-calibration/)
- [Services](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/services/)
- [My Account](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/my-account/)
- [Material Guidance](https://lenoxlaser.com/fl-builder-template/material-guidance/)

## Categories
- [Blog](https://lenoxlaser.com/category/blog/)
- [Documents Used](https://lenoxlaser.com/category/docs-used/)
- [Events](https://lenoxlaser.com/category/events/)
- [FAQs](https://lenoxlaser.com/category/faqs/)
- [News](https://lenoxlaser.com/category/news/)
- [Pdf](https://lenoxlaser.com/category/docs-used/docs-pdf/)
- [Publications](https://lenoxlaser.com/category/publications/)
- [Uncategorized](https://lenoxlaser.com/category/uncategorized/)

## Tags
- [Aerospace](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/aerospace/)
- [Aperture](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/aperture/)
- [Array](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/array/)
- [Astronomy](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/astronomy/)
- [Awards](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/awards/)
- [Big Bang](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/big-bang/)
- [Calculator](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/calculator/)
- [Calibrated Flow Leak Testing](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/calibrated-flow-leak-testing/)
- [Calibrated Micro-Leaks](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/calibrated-micro-leaks/)
- [CCIT](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/ccit/)
- [CCIT Capabilities](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/ccit-capabilities/)
- [Charles H Townes](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/charles-h-townes/)
- [Charles Townes](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/charles-townes/)
- [Covid-19](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/covid-19/)
- [custom order](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/custom-order/)
- [Darkness of Space](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/darkness-of-space/)
- [Design-2-Part](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/design-2-part/)
- [detecting packaging leaks](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/detecting-packaging-leaks/)
- [Devices](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/devices/)
- [Dirk Fletcher](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/dirk-fletcher/)
- [Dr. Townes](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/dr-townes/)
- [E-Blox](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/e-blox/)
- [Education](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/education/)
- [Engineering](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/engineering/)
- [Expo](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/expo/)
- [First Annual Light Seminar](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/first-annual-light-seminar/)
- [Flow](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/flow/)
- [Flow Calibration](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/flow-calibration/)
- [Flow Control](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/flow-control/)
- [Flow Orifice](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/flow-orifice/)
- [Flow Orifices](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/flow-orifices/)
- [Fluid Flow Through Calibrated Orifices](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/fluid-flow-through-calibrated-orifices/)
- [Food Packaging](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/food-packaging/)
- [free orifice calculator](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/free-orifice-calculator/)
- [Gas Flow Measurement](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/gas-flow-measurement/)
- [Gas Handling](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/gas-handling/)
- [Glass Drilling](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/glass-drilling/)
- [Hastelloy](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/hastelloy/)
- [High Power Laser Apertures](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/high-power-laser-apertures/)
- [High Temperature Materials Laser Applications](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/high-temperature-materials-laser-applications/)
- [History](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/history/)
- [Innovation](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/innovation/)
- [Integrity Testing](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/integrity-testing/)
- [Internships](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/internships/)
- [Interphex 2017](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/interphex-2017/)
- [ISS](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/iss/)
- [James Webb](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/james-webb/)
- [James Webb Solar Array](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/james-webb-solar-array/)
- [James Webb Space](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/james-webb-space/)
- [James Webb Telescope](https://lenoxlaser.com/tag/james-webb-telescope/)

## Product categories
- [Uncategorized](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/uncategorized/)
- [CCIT Products](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/ccit-products/)
- [Flow Restrictive Orifice Accessory](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/flow-orifices/flow-accessory/)
- [Mounts](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/optical-apertures/mounts/)
- [Optical Apertures](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/optical-apertures/)
- [Standard Apertures](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/optical-apertures/standard-apertures/)
- [High Power Apertures](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/optical-apertures/high-power-apertures/)
- [Standard Slits](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/optical-apertures/standard-slits/)
- [High Power Slits](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/optical-apertures/high-power-slits/)
- [Arrays/Components](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/optical-apertures/arrayscomponents/)
- [Flow Restrictive Orifices](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/flow-orifices/)
- [Barbs](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/flow-orifices/barbs/)
- [Conflats](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/flow-orifices/conflats/)
- [Nipples](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/flow-orifices/nipples/)
- [Orifice Discs](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/flow-orifices/orifice-discs/)
- [Screws](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/flow-orifices/screws/)
- [Tubing](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/flow-orifices/tubing/)
- [VCR® Gaskets](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/flow-orifices/gaskets/)
- [VCR® Glands](https://lenoxlaser.com/products/flow-orifices/glands/)